In the ancient Chinese historical literature, there are roughly the following types of agate: "horse brain", "code", "code ao" and "agate". It can be seen from these writings that people have had disputes about whether agate is a stone or a jade. In fact, this controversy lasted for at least 1,500 years and continued into the 21st century.

"The horse brain, the jade genus, out of the Western Regions, the intertwined of arts and sciences, there is a horse brain, so its people are fixed by the name." That is, Cao Yu thinks that agate is a jade. However, the Wei Ren Zhang Yi said that "Guang Ya" said: "Zhang Yu, Shi Ciyu." Dong Jin·Wang Jia "Pick up the record · Volume I Gaosin" said: "Code Na, stone also, the southern one wins "The biography of Xijing Miscellaneous" written by the Eastern Jin Dynasty scholar Ge Hong records: "When the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the body of the poisonous country dedicated to the ring, all with jade, agate stone for Le..." Obviously, Wang Jia and Ge Hong put agate When it became a stone. In the Ming Dynasty, the famous scientist Song Yingxing wrote in "Tiangong Kaiwu": "Vanma is not a stone non-jade. There are many places in China, and there are more than ten kinds..." Song Yingxing believes that agate is neither jade nor stone. However, if the ancients believed that agate was jade, it was treasure, the font should be "agate"; if it was stone, the font should be "code". In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the post-Qin scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty translated the "Falun Lotus Hua Jing" as they think: "The horse brain, ... is a treasure, so the word is from jade, or like stone, word or stone."

In fact, agate has three characteristics that must be possessed by gemstones: the color pattern is beautiful, the texture is dense and hard, and the natural output is rare. Therefore, it is of course a kind of jade, a kind of jade in a broad sense, but not a jade in a narrow sense. Zhenyu, in this regard, Dr. Wang Chunyun’s research also believes that since the historical documents of the Eastern Han Dynasty have been called agate as “Red Jade” or “Chiqiong”, this in itself has shown that agate is of course a jade, so the book after the Eastern Han Dynasty has already "Ma" and "Nau" belong to the Jade Department. However, which part of the generalized jade text is agate, such as Baoyu, Meiyu, jade, jade, jade stone or stone jade? This requires further research.

Obviously, the agate does not fully possess the "five virtues" of the ancient definition of true jade (ween the heat; the cleavage is from the outside, you can know the middle; its sound is soothing, it is designed to be far away; ), can not be regarded as "宝玉" or "美玉". Then the rest may be "Jade" or "Jade Stone". In this way, it is right to say that agate is a "Jade". It is not wrong to say that agate is a "stone of jade" - perhaps this is the charm of agate.

One of the founders of modern geology in China, the gemologist Zhang Hongjun mentioned several names related to agate in the gemological works "Shi Ya" and "Gem", such as "Qiong Yao", "Yao Yao", "Red Jade" ", "Jade jade", "Qi Qi", etc., Zhang said that these names are the ancient name of "agate." However, some people have doubts about this. Like the well-known jade scholar, Dr. Wang Chunyun from the Chinese Academy of Sciences believes that the concepts of “Yao Yao”, “Yu Yu” and “Qi Qi” may not be related to agate. However, he agrees that Zhang Hongyi’s “Qiong Yao” and “Red Jade” may refer to the academic viewpoint of “Agate” (especially “red agate”).

This should be noted: "Red Jade" is "Agate" is the academic contribution of Mr. Zhang Hongyi, but don't confuse the two because "Red Jade" and "Fire Jade" are red, because "Red Jade" is in certain Special occasions can also be understood as rubies. For example, in the ancient books describing the products of Northeast China, when the concepts of “Red Jade” and “Fire Jade” are distinct, “Red Jade” may refer to red agate, while “Fire Jade” refers to ruby; when “Red Jade” and “ When the concept of "fire jade" constitutes a heritage relationship in writing, both of them may refer to ruby. This definition is also related to Dr. Wang Chunyun's research results - "'Fire Jade' actually refers to ruby, describes the color of ruby ​​red and red, and is obviously different from the reddish 'red jade' concept that describes the relatively dark agate." Consistent.

Therefore, agate is not stone and jade!

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