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How much oil and natural gas is there on the sea floor? How are these oil and gas formed?
What is the reserve of offshore oil and natural gas resources? Since most of the world's oceans have not been surveyed in detail, there is no accurate and reliable number. According to statistics, only the world's continental shelf oil-bearing basin covers an area of ​​15 million square kilometers. More than 800 oil-bearing basins have been discovered, more than 1,600 oil and gas fields, oil reserves of 145 billion tons, and natural gas reserves of 140 trillion. cubic meter.
Oil and natural gas are two types of organic fluid minerals that are closely related to each other. They are composed of complex hydrocarbons, the main chemical components of which are alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Scientists have confirmed through research that oil and natural gas are the decomposing substances of ancient biological residues, which are formed through long and complicated changes under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions. The formation of oil and natural gas requires good oil production conditions, storage space and storage conditions. First, there must be a large reservoir of water basins formed by subsidence of the earth's crust, usually shallow seas and lakes. Second, we must have a suitable climate to make the organism grow. These organisms are generally a large number of phytoplankton, zooplankton, foraminifera, brachiopods, corals, mosses, etc., which provide rich organic matter for the formation of petroleum. Third, there must be a river carrying a large amount of sediment into the basin, so that generations of creatures will proliferate, die, and be buried one after another by sediment. When a basin is filled with sediments ranging from a few kilometers to tens of thousands of meters thick, it becomes a sedimentary basin. Through the changes in the earth's crust and proper temperature and pressure, the decaying organic matter undergoes complex changes that eventually form oil or natural gas. Oil and natural gas begin to disperse in the pores of mudstones and sandstones. They flow under formation pressure and are transported to a location suitable for fluid retention. An inverted pot, the bottom of the pot is the easiest to store oil and gas, and a similar geological structure is called "oil storage structure." The upper part of the oil storage structure must be a mudstone with poor permeability so that the oil and gas will not escape. This layer of mudstone is called the “cover layerâ€.