Jewelry is a kind of fashion decoration. Leadership fashion has thousands of years of history. Wearing jewelry is a unique national custom of the Chinese nation. However, jewelry culture is fashionable, not smooth sailing. It is from human to living, and then from living to decoration. Pei ornaments, developed through a long and difficult journey. In order to study the fashion of jewellery culture, we should first start from studying the hotbed of jewellery culture and establishing the carrier of culture, in order to better develop and standardize the jewellery culture market, making it a cultural fashion that is not bad.

a stone dish culture

Human beings have experienced the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age. The ancient humans first understood the stone tools for survival and self-defense. Due to the generation of stone tools, humans began to use this simple and rough stone tools to improve the living environment. In the underground sky, a large number of stone tools used by ancient humans are still preserved, which provides us with valuable objects for studying the human civilization of the Stone Age. Qingshi Jishishan is one of the earliest quarries established by the Yanhuang people in the ancient times. The swaying people used the large stone plates, the small stone pots, and the stone utensils, so the stone utensils 曰: ". "Geospectrum" said: "The ancients have swayed the country." Danghou is the prince of the special control dish in ancient times. The stone plate is also known as the “grinding plate”. It is common in both the north and the south, but the stone pot has disappeared many times. Only the Yunshan mountain area still preserves the ancient stone dish culture. It can be seen that the stone pot is the manufacturer.

During the Yanhuang period, the untouched people living in the Central Plains discovered a kind of stone, which can be used for making a large amount of mining. The quarry mountain that was mined is called “Lushan Mountain”. Today, Mang Mountain in Henan Province and Lushan Mountain in Anhui Province are two. Stone quarry. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the two quarries belonged to the Song Dynasty. After Song Yu Wang died, the two quarrying mountains were divided by the Wei State and the Chu State. After Emperor Qin Shihuang unified the Six Kingdoms, the Lushan quarry was owned by the state. Qin Shihuang was the commemoration of the “Meteorite Culture” founded by the monks. In 225 BC, Kaifeng, Xuxian, Yongcheng, Cao County, Jiaxiang, Zhangzhou and Lushan were opened. The county and Shangqiu are grouped into "Yijun", and the county is set up in Shangqiu, the ancient capital of Song Dynasty, which has set a milestone for the meteorite culture created by the monks.

Liu Bang’s uprising against the Qin was sealed by the king of Chu as the monarch. After Liu Bang called the emperor, the monks shunned it and renamed it “Xi Ren”. . With the migrating pace of the Baiyue nationality, the Tin people entered the Yunshan Mountains, and the stone utensils invented by the monks were developed in the southern mountainous areas under the promotion of their descendants of the Tin people. So far, the Yunshan Mountains still retain the traditional Ancient stoneware culture information, and Yunnan's jewelry culture is thus leading the country.

Ershiju Culture

With the development of human science and technology, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age have arrived. In the Dihong era, the monks living in the northwest invented a kind of stone-cutting tool “铴”, which used to be used as a room. The stone cave "building culture, along with the pace of national migration, the monk's mysterious bird department moved eastward to the tomb (now Beijing) to dig a hole in the stone cliff, known as "Yaju" or "Half-juvenile" architectural culture The Tang dynasty, a monk who migrated to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was a stone-dwelling house. It was known as the "carved building"-style architectural culture. Because the monks invented the stone as a building material, the world called it "Seto." "Zhengzitong" explained: "There is a room for squatting in the cave. After that, it is said that it is also a slap in the face, and that it is swaying, smashing, and swaying in Shaanxi.

When Emperor Wu, the king of the dynasty was the king of Jiangnan, and the gong was a master craftsman. Because the disk was shaped like the sun, the Nanban people respected it as the "sun god". Worship the plate to celebrate the harvest. Panyu has introduced the culture of the Habitat to the area of ​​the mountainous area of ​​the south of the Yangtze River. In Hunan and Guangxi, the remains of the monks still exist. The art of the architectural style of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has flourished so far, which has made the ancient architectural art of the Shu people shine with dazzling brilliance.

In the hustle and bustle era, the monks of the Lingbi Department lived on the bank of Tanghe (now Yanshui River) in Mizhi County, northern Shaanxi, and the monks lived on the stone garden on Shangshan Mountain on the bank of Tanghe. "Xishan Jing" card: "On the mountain of Shen Shen, there is no grass, and there are many meteorites, the next many scorpions, the beasts and more white deer, the birds are more than the house... the soup is out of the water, the east stream is injected into the river." The bird is the totem of the monk, and the coffin is the king of the monk, so it is also said: "窫窳", the king of burrowing; and the two characters are synonymous with chisel.

In the era of Daxu, after Yanren occupied the soup, the monks went south to the Hu County of Shaanxi Province, and they were called “Yuhu’s.” Because of the opposition to the Xia’s political power, the “war of the summer” broke out. The war was defeated, and moved westward to the Tunchang area of ​​Gansu Province. It was incorporated into the Yi tribe group. It was called “宕昌羌”. Therefore, Tiandang Mountain, also known as “Tianzhu Mountain”; another one moved south to Zhejiang Yanqi Mountain, Ming Dynasty Yan Lushan was changed to Yandang Mountain. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the king of the king was attached, and the northern part of the city was designated as "Zhangzhou", which is the state where the monks lived. It also established a historical monument for the history of the residence.

Three jade culture

The prostitute is the ancestor of the Chinese nation and the god of human worship. Therefore, the party from the children, the party river is also called the "child mother river", the party people bathe in the party river every bathing festival, pray for children. The party and the people first lived in the Kunlun Mountain area of ​​Ganqing, and the prostitute was named the queen. Therefore, she was called "Western Queen Mother" in history, and her capital: "Tanggu Yaochi", because of the place where the sun and the moon entered, also known as "Shibuya Salt Pool". "Geography" said: "Western mother stone room in the 70-kil Kunlun of Suzhou today, this mountain is more jade, because of the name." The niece in the quarrying process, the first to find a fine and hard, flickering Glossy, slightly transparent, colorful and very beautiful stone, hence the name "璗", that is, beautiful jade. "On the balance? Talking about the sky" contains: "Working together and fighting for the Son of Heaven, victorious, anger and touch the mountains of the week, so that the Tianzhu fold, the ground is perfect. The son-in-law sells five-color stone to make up the sky, and the break is enough to set the four poles. From this description, it can be known that the son-in-law is the first to invent the "Jade Culture", because the five-color stone is jade. The niece is the earliest stone carving artist in Chinese history. She carved it into a beautiful pipa with carefully selected jade, and used it to worship the gods in order to obtain peace. Therefore, the early sacrifice was made of jade, which was called "filling the sky."

At the time of Xia Wei, the Xiwang mothers invented the gemstone culture. "Huainanzi" cloud: "When Xia Xizhi, Xi Lao won." West Lao, that is, the West Queen also, therefore, the West Queen is also known as "the old man", commonly known as "姥姥". The victory is jade, Bi Bi: "Win, Sheng Yu also, Sheng Yin Pang." "Shan Hai Jing? Xishan Jing" records: "Yushan is the West Queen's residence, the West Queen is like a human, the leopard is the tiger's teeth and good Xiao Xiao, Peng Fa Dai Sheng, is the history of Si Tian and the five disabled.” Xi Wangmu is a winner of Yu, and Dai Sheng avoids ugliness. Therefore, the princes call it “female ugly”, “party Pang’s” or “Tang Yu’s”. As can be seen, Dai Sheng is a prelude to human adornment culture, a primary form of human pursuit of beauty, and ultimately a cultural fashion.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Xiwang mothers replaced the traditional residences with exquisite gemstone buildings. In the Tanggu Yaochi, the Qionglou Pavilion was built, and the Kunlun Mountains were also called the “mountain jade mountains”. "Mu Tianzi Biography" 曰: "The mountains of the jade, see the mountains and rivers without danger, the four ropes in the middle, the first king called the government, the widows, the birds and beasts, Mu Wang then attacked its jade, take the jade version of the three, jade Because of the famous jade field, the group of jade mountains was so famous that Zhou Muwang had to make a special trip to Tanggu Yaochi to meet the Western Queen Mother in order to obtain the jade of the mountains of the Jade Mountains. Obtain mining rights.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the jade culture was incorporated into the ancient art of the palace. According to historical records: Shanxi Hedong Tangcheng Yan, proficient in architectural art, Qin Shihuang was recruited as a military sergeant and participated in the design of the Afang Palace. In 206 BC, Liu Bangxi levied Qindu Xianyang, and when the army went to Hongnong County, Jixian County (Henan County), Tangcheng Yangui Shun Liubang. In the 5th year of Han Gaozu (202 BC), Liu Bang was the emperor of Fan Shuiyang. He was settled in Luoyang, and the city of Fengtang was extended to be a small government. In May, Han Gaozu accepted the suggestion of devout, and the Qin prince became the capital of Handu City, and ordered Tangcheng to go to Chang'an to plan the construction of the capital. Based on the topography of Chang'an, Tangchengyan plans to design the “Dongyang Palace” consisting of the front hall, the Xuantu Temple, the Greenhouse Hall, the Qingliang Hall, the Qilin Temple, the Jinhua Hall, the Chengming Hall and other palaces and pavilions. The whole building is “Golden shop, heavy house, gold, wall, and jade”, which fully shows the national majesty of the Han Dynasty and became the architectural mode of the later dynasty. In the 9th year of Emperor Henkel (198 BC), the end of the Central Palace was completed, and Han Gaozu was moved from the Linyi Yang Palace in Shaanxi Province to the Central Palace. Liu Bang used Tangcheng to build the capital, and first sealed it as “梧齐侯”. ", 3,300 households, ranking 76th in the princes of the Chaotang. Since jade culture has become a symbol of the emperor, in the palace building materials, the main building materials of white marble.

Four jewelry culture

Shi Wei: "Before the Yellow Emperor, the people only knew the winter caves, the summer nests, and the mountains and forests, drinking hair like blood. And the Yellow Emperor made houses, made clothes, camped for funeral, and the people were saved from survival." Jewelry culture is with Produced by the improvement of the costume culture, Huang Di, Hu Cao clothing, the more the singer, the Min Shizhi shame, avoiding the cold and wet; at the same time, the Xiwang mother also invented the jade culture, the jade yuesheng, jewelry culture and costumes The culture reflects each other and creates an ancient civilization.

In the Xia Dynasty, Baoyu became a fashion, Xiren and Sanmiao were famous jade carving clan, and the Xi people were tribute to the jade: "wrong." "Historical Records? Xia Benji" 曰: "Xigong is wrong." Kong Anguo said: "Jade of jade is wrong, governance is wrong." Sanmiao tribute to the jade is called "璆琳, 琅玕". "Historical Records? Xia Benji" and 曰: "Three seedlings in large order, its seedlings yellow soil, on the field, Fuzhongzhong, Gong Yulin, 琅玕." Kong Anguo released: "璆琳, all jade; 琅玕, stone like The bead." Xia people are proud of Peiyu jade, and Yuji is graded, so jade becomes the cultural characteristic of Xia Dynasty. Because jade is a tin man and a three seed tribute, it is not produced by Xia people, so it is rare to find, so The Xia people call it "baoyu." Tang Wu Wang Ge Xia, Xia Hou's Bao Yu is owned by the merchants. "Historical Records? Yin Benji" 曰: "Tang 遂 遂 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三culture.

According to historical records: Yin Yuwang’s corruption was initiated by jade carvings. Yin Yi Wang Yuan was a very ambitious emperor, and his life was very simple. One year, Fang Guo offered a jade bowl to Yin Yu Wang Jin. Wang is very fond of it, but the jade bowl must be matched with the jade and the sea and the sea. So Yin Yu Wang began to search for the treasures of the princes, and he did not hesitate to launch the war. The Shang Yin Kingdom gradually decayed and fell to the demise. Yin Yin Wang dying and not forgetting his jewels. He put on his jade jewellery and piled all his true love jewels on the terrace and died of self-immolation. "Historical Records? Yin Benji" contains: "The squadron defeated, smashed away, entered the Lutai, Yiqibao jade clothing, and went to the fire to die." Baoyuyi was the burial costume worn by Shang Yintianzi when he entered the ancestral hall. After the death of Liu’s king, enjoy wearing jade clothes, and the unearthed Han Dynasty Jingshan jade clothing can be used as evidence.

During the Warring States period, jewellery culture has become a fashion, for a piece of "He's 璧", Zhang Yi and Chu State grievances; Zhao Guo and Qin Guosheng gap, the interpretation of how many joys and sorrows, singular history stories. The prime minister’s enthusiasm for martial arts was promoted to Shangqing, which made the veteran generals who were eager to fight the powers dissatisfied, and the drama of the “combination of the drama” was vividly interpreted, and the two men’s grievances were vividly interpreted and become the immortal masterpiece. Therefore, jewellery culture and jewellery cases have become the main creative themes of history, novels, drama, and film and television, making them even more powerful and fuller. Since the people of Xi and San Miao created the jade culture, the division of the lower stage and the advanced stage appeared in the Stone Age, and the emergence of jewellery culture promoted the pace of human beings from the barbaric era into the civilized era. So far, Baoyu still measures social values. One of the standards, among the Singaporean Chinese, the sapphire is regarded as a symbol of the nobility; while the Burmese people love to wear jade; the Tibetans are expensive with the jewels on the clothing. The jewellery culture created by the ancient Tin people and the Miao people has become immortal.

Five Jade Pavilion

For thousands of years, the jewellery culture has always been the leader of fashion, and the jewellery and jade industry is flourishing. In order to safeguard the interests of the same industry, the “Jadeware Trade Association” was established in Beijing during the Qing Emperor Qianlong period. The guild is a social group of government officials. Approved by the government, democratically elected to help the lord, also known as: the head of the line, the old, the line, the power of the trade association is mainly to deal with the affairs inside and outside the business, decided to enter the business, unified the same industry management policy, register, undertake the government Assigned tax and public welfare tasks.

In the 54th year of Qing Emperor Qianlong (1789), the jade wares association established an office address at No. 46, Xinhua Street, South China. It was also known as the “Jade Art Hall”. Because the Taoist Emperor of the Jade Emperor was the founder, the jade and the Taoist priests called the brothers. It is said that the Yuan Dynasty Taoist sect Qiu Chuji was a master of jade, and had personally produced a "golden embellished jade crown", so the jade wares association respected it as the founder.

Qiu Chuji, born in Shandong Province, was born in 1178. After he was a senior, he went to school and lived in the Longmen Mountain. After the cultivation, he founded the Taoist Longmen School. Jin Guo and Song Guojun came to the recruitment camp, but they were all recruited by Qiu. Rumors refused. In 1220, Yuan Taizu Genghis Khan sent an envoy, Liu Zhonglu, to hire him. Qiu Chuji immediately called and led 18 disciples. He traveled thousands of miles to the Mongolian emperor of Genghis Khan in Afghanistan. Genghis Khan respected him as a "God" and gave it Yuan Da Zong Shi Jue Lu, at this point Qiu Chuji became a consultant to Genghis Khan and headed the religious affairs leader in the Mongolian Empire.

Qiu Chuji Law No. "Changchun Real People", after returning to the East (Beijing), Genghis Khan gave the Tianchang view built by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty to Qiu Chuji, renamed "Changchun Palace", and Changchun Palace became the national Taoist center and religious headquarters. Later, it was renamed "White Cloud View". Qiu Chuji died in the 80s and was buried in the stone seat of the fourth Qiuzu Temple in Baiyun Temple. The 19th day of the lunar calendar is the birthday of Qiu Chuji. Before the Baiyun Temple, there is a “Yan 9 Festival”, which has been flourishing since then. The jade wares trade association promoted the jade guild hall for the sacredness of the Qiuji machine. The Zunqiu machine was the founder of the sect, and the prosperity of the jade industry was flourishing. The financial resources were prosperous and the name of the jade guild was changed under the name of “Changchun Real People”. For the "Changchun Clubhouse".

The Jade Industry Association established a “Zhu Shi Bao Dian” in the Changchun Hall for the Zu Shiqiu. The temple enshrines the statue of Qiu. The Jade Industry Association’s trade union held the birthday of Qiu Chuji in the pavilion on the 19th of the first month of the month. On July 28th, the Qiu Chuji’s death ceremony was held in the museum. On the day of the ancestor worship, all the colleagues of the jade industry trade unions will go to Baiyunguan, the Taoist activity center in Beijing, to participate in the ritual activities.

Because jewellery and jade are fashionable treasures, Beijing is also a cosmopolitan city, with bureaucratic groups and merchants gathering, so the business is booming and the financial resources are flourishing. The jade industry trade union colleagues are skilled jade carving masters and jewellery craftsmen, so the charity cause is eager to fight for fear. For this reason, the Jade Museum is also very powerful. It has been renovated over the years, dozens of houses, in the same industry hall, The jade industry trade union ranked first. According to the later Wu Jiantao, his family had a sacred martial art. Yu Jing, living in the jade guild hall. Because Wu's stunts received the praise of the emperor, he often rewarded a bowl of bird's nest porridge at the time of the summoning. For this reason, the Wu family has many famous porcelain bowls used in the palace. When Wu Jiantao was in his childhood, he and his brother took a famous porcelain bowl and ate the noodles outside the gate of the Changchun Association. It was unexpectedly seen by a cultural relic expert, which opened the mystery of the Yu Wang Wu family.

During the Republic of China, the jade gang of the jade sect invited Wu’s Grand Marshal Wu Peifu to write a plaque for the Changchun Clubhouse in the name of the same sect, and hung over the gate to make it stand out. During the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards broke through the four old, Wu Shichuan, the chief of the technical department of Beijing Jade Factory, and the famous jade carving craft master Wu Yulin know that this “Changchun Club” stone scorpion has important historical value, to protect the Changchun Clubhouse stone. On the plaque, he risked his life. Gao Gao used cement to cover the fall of Wu Peifu on the stone shovel. The red guards who had been admitted to the hospital for breaking the old four did not know why the blasphemy had been asked, so they abandoned it. Therefore, the cultural relics and historic sites of the Changchun Guild Hall were not spared during the Cultural Revolution, and the number of Wu Peifu’s title was surviving. In 1993, in order to build the Qingdao market, the Changchun Guild Hall was demolished, and the old households of the jade wares were moved to various parts of the capital. The Changchun Clubhouse was plagued by thousands of catastrophe and was collected by the Stone Museum of Beijing Wuta Temple. Wu Jiantao said: Since the death of his grandfather Wu Yulin, according to the ancestral system, the father passed the ancestral stunt with his eldest son, but because his father was in the army, the Wu family left the jade world; the only big brother with inheritance conditions Because of his enthusiasm for operating restaurants, Wu’s ancestral stunts “discussed jade with tongue” gradually disappeared into the long history and were not known.

Six fashion jewelry era

Jewelry culture industry, because the four old movements were once cold, the jade industry trade unions also integrated into the industrial and commercial association system, losing its dominant social status. The Qing Dynasty clothing became a fashion, but its sister culture "jewelry "Culture" is eclipsed. In addition to exporting foreign exchange, folk jewellery has been swept away and is regarded as a dirt, talking about its color change. After the Third Plenary Session of the Party, the jewellery culture is looking forward to the spring, and the leader's fashion has once again become the eye-catching style. According to statistics: there are more than 40,000 jewellery companies and 3 million employees in the country, in order to reproduce the prosperity of the former gemstone culture. The Ministry of Geology and Minerals established the “China Gemstone Association” in the mid-1980s to organize jewellery experts, geological experts, and jewelry collectors to build a four-generation society, prosper the economy, and play its role as a community.

In 1995, the National Federation of Industry and Commerce played the advantage of its former jade industry and trade unions. With the aim of “promoting Chinese jewelry culture, opening up the Chinese jewelry market, uniting Chinese and foreign jewelry merchants, and carrying out reform and opening up”, more than 400 jewelry companies were established. The "National Federation of Industry and Commerce Jewelers Chamber of Commerce", and the World Chinese Jewelry Chamber of Commerce, will bring China's jewelry culture to overseas markets, directly participate in the world's jewelry industry competition, for the rise of the Chinese nation in the world nation, make a great contribution. Nowadays, colleges and universities across the country have also included jewellery culture in professional courses. China University of Geosciences has established a jewellery college. Sun Yat-Sen University has established a gemstone appraisal center. There is also a high-tech jewellery research institute specializing in jewellery research. The center makes China's jewelry culture and jade culture form a cultural carrier with academic foundation and scientific research foundation, making its culture unique and dazzling among the all-encompassing cultural groups. Although the jade ceremonies have become history, the establishment of the Gemstone Association and the Jewelry Chamber of Commerce has laid the foundation for the establishment of the “Jewelry Hall”. We will wait and see, a brand new jewelry hall will be the continuation of the Jade Pavilion, which will continue its culture and make its career more prosperous.

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