First, textile commonly used calculation formula is divided into fixed-length calculation formula and fixed weight formula two kinds of formula. 1, fixed-length system formula: (1) Denier (D): D=g/L*9000 where g is the weight of the thread (grams) and L is the length of the thread (meters) (2) Tex (number) [tex(H)]: tex=g/L*1000 where g is the weight (grams) of the yarn (or filament) and L is the length of the yarn (or filament). ) (3) dtex: dtex=g/L*9000 where g is the weight of the wire (g) and L is the length of the wire (m) 2, fixed weight system formula: (1) Metric count (N): N = L/G where G is the weight (grams) of the yarn (or filament) and L is the length of the yarn (or filament) (m) (2) Inch count (S): S=L/(G*840) where G is the weight of the wire (lb) and L is the length of the wire (code) Second, the textile unit selection conversion formula: (1) Conversion formula for metric count (N) and denier (D): D=9000/N (2) Conversion formula of British count (S) and denier (D): D=5315/S (3) Conversion formula of dtex and tex: 1tex=10dtex (4) Conversion formula for tex and denier (D): tex=D/9 (5), tex (TEX) and inch number (S) branched conversion formula: tex = K / SK values: K = 583.1 pure cotton yarns fiber K = 590.5 K = 587.6 C yarn cotton viscose yarn (75: 25) K=584.8 Cotton yarn (50:50) K=587.0 (6) Conversion formula for tex and metric (N): tex=1000/N (7) Conversion formula for dtex and denier (D): dtex=10D/9 (8), decitex (dtex) and the number inch (S) branched conversion formula: dtex = 10K / SK values: K = 583.1 pure cotton pure chemical fiber cotton yarn K = 590.5 K = 587.6 sticky cotton yarn ( 75:25)K=584.8 Cotton yarn (50:50) K=587.0 (9) Conversion formula for dtex and metric count (N): dtex=10000/N (10) Conversion formula for metric centimeters (cm) and inch inches (inch): 1 inch = 2.54 cm (11) Conversion formula for metric rice (M) and English system code (yd): 1 yard = 0.9144 meters (12) The conversion formula of satin square meters (g/m2) and m meters (m/m): 1m/m = 4.3056g/m2 (13) The actual weight of the satin and the conversion formula of pound weight: pound weight (lb) = silk weight per meter (g/m) * 0.9144 (m/yd) * 50 (yd)/453.6 (g/yd) Third, the detection method: 1. Hand-feel visual method: This method is applicable to textile materials in the state of loose fibers. (1) Cotton fibers are shorter and finer than ramie fibers and other hemp fibers, and often contain various impurities and defects. (2) Hemp fiber feels rougher. (3) Wool fibers are curled and elastic. (4) Silk is a filament, long and slender, with a special luster. (5) In chemical fibers, only viscose fibers have large differences in dry and wet strength. (6) Spandex filament has a very large elasticity, and its length can be stretched to more than five times at room temperature. 2. Microscopic observation method: Fibers are identified based on the longitudinal and cross-sectional morphological characteristics of the fiber. (1), cotton fiber: cross-sectional morphology: waist round, with a middle waist; vertical surface morphology: flat ribbon, a natural turn. (2), hemp (ramie, flax, jute) fiber: cross-sectional morphology: waist round or polygonal, with a cavity; vertical surface morphology: a horizontal section, vertical stripes. (3) Wool fibers: cross-sectional morphology: round or nearly circular, some with a long hairline; longitudinal surface morphology: scales on the surface. (4), rabbit hair fiber: cross-sectional morphology: dumbbell-shaped, with a long hair; vertical surface morphology: scales on the surface. (5), mulberry silk fiber: cross-sectional morphology: irregular triangle; vertical surface morphology: smooth and straight, longitudinal stripes. (6) Ordinary viscose: cross-section morphology: zigzag, skin core structure; vertical surface morphology: longitudinal grooves. (7) Rich and strong fiber: cross-sectional morphology: less toothed, or round, oval; vertical surface morphology: smooth surface. (8) Acetate fiber: cross-sectional morphology: trilobal or irregular zigzag; longitudinal morphology: longitudinal stripes on the surface. (9), Acrylic fiber: cross-sectional shape: round, dumbbell-shaped or leaf-shaped; vertical surface morphology: the surface is smooth or striped. (10) Polychlorin fiber: cross-sectional morphology: nearly circular; longitudinal morphology: smooth surface. (11), Spandex fiber: cross-sectional morphology: irregular shape, a round, potato-shaped; vertical surface morphology: the surface is dark, unclear bone-shaped stripes. (12) Polyester, Polyamide, Polypropylene Fibers: Cross-sectional morphology: Round or profiled; Vertical morphology: Smooth. (13), PVA fiber: cross-sectional morphology: waist round, skin core structure; vertical surface morphology: 1 to 2 grooves. 3, density gradient method: It is based on the characteristics of various fibers with different densities to identify fibers. (1), set the density gradient fluid, the general use of xylene carbon tetrachloride system. (2) Calibrating the density gradient tube. The precision ball method is commonly used. (3) Measurement and calculation The fiber to be tested is subjected to deoiling, drying and defoaming pretreatment. After the ball is put into balance, the fiber density is measured according to the position of the fiber suspension. 4, fluorescence method: the use of ultraviolet fluorescent light irradiation fiber, according to the different nature of a variety of fiber light, the fiber's fluorescent color is also different characteristics to identify fibers. The fluorescent colors of various fibers specifically show: (1), cotton, wool fiber: light yellow (2) Mercerized cotton fiber: light red (3), jute (raw) fiber: purple brown (4), jute, silk, nylon fiber: light blue (5), viscose fiber: white purple shade (6), Viscose Viscose: Light Yellow Violet Shadow (7) Polyester fiber: White light is bright (8), vinylon has optical fiber: light yellowish purple shade. 5, the combustion method: According to the chemical composition of the fiber, the combustion characteristics are also different, so as to roughly distinguish the major categories of fiber. Comparison of the combustion characteristics of several common fibers is as follows: (1) Cotton, hemp, viscose, cuprammonium fiber: close to the flame: not shrinking or melting; contact with the flame: rapid burning; leaving the flame: continuing to burn; odor: smell of burning paper; residue characteristics: a small amount of grayish black or grayish white ash. (2), silk, wool fiber: close to the flame: curl and melt; contact flame: curl, melt, burn; leave the flame: slow combustion sometimes self extinguishing; odor: burning hair odor; residue characteristics: loose and brittle black particles Or coke-like. (3) Polyester fiber: close to the flame: condense; contact the flame: melting, smoking, slow burning; leave the flame: continue to burn, sometimes self-extinguishing; odor: special aromatic sweetness; residue characteristics: hard black ball . (4), nylon fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: amino taste; residue characteristics: hard pale brown transparent beads. (5) Acrylic fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact with the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: continue burning, black smoke; smell: spicy taste; residue characteristics: black irregular beads, fragile. (6) Polypropylene fiber: close to the flame: fused; contact flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continuing to burn; odor: paraffin wax; residue characteristics: gray hard transparent beads. (7) Spandex fiber: close to the flame: condense; contact the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: specific taste; residue features: white gelatinous. (8) Chlorophyll fiber: close to the flame: condense; contact flame: melting, burning, black smoke; leaving the flame: self extinguishing; odor: pungent odor; residue characteristics: dark brown lump. (9), vinylon fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue burning, black smoke; odor: unique flavor; residue characteristics: irregular brown brown hard coke. Fourth, textile commonly used concepts: 1, warp, warp, warp yarn density - the length of the fabric direction; the yarn is called warp yarn; the number of arranged within the 1 inch yarn is dense (warp yarn density); 2, weft, weft, weft density - fabric width direction; the yarn is called weft, the number of arranged within the 1 inch yarn is weft density (weft density); 3. Density - It is used to indicate the number of yarns per unit length of woven fabrics, which is generally the number of yarns within 1 inch or 10 centimeters. According to our national standard, the number of yarns within 10 centimeters is used to express the density, but Textile companies are still accustomed to using the number of yarns within 1 inch to represent density. As commonly seen, "45X45/108X58" indicates 45 warp weft yarns, and the warp and weft densities are 108 and 58. 4, width - the effective width of the fabric, generally used in inches or centimeters, common 36 inches, 44 inches, 56-60 inches, etc., respectively, known as narrow, medium and wide, above 60 The fabric of the inch is extra wide, and it is often called a wide cloth. The width of the extra wide fabric in our country can reach 360 centimeters. Width is generally marked behind the density, such as: 3 mentioned in the fabric if you add the width is expressed as: "45X45/108X58/60"" that is 60 inches wide. 5, gram weight - the weight of the fabric is generally grams of square meters of fabric weight, gram weight is an important technical indicator of knitted fabrics, woolen wool is usually also gram weight as an important technical indicator. The weight of denim fabric is generally expressed in "Oz", which is the number of ounces per square yard of fabric weight, such as 7 ounces, 12 ounces of denim, etc.; 6, dyed - Japan is called "first dyed fabric", refers to the first yarn or filament after dyeing, and then use the colored yarn weaving process, this fabric is called "dyed woven fabric", production color Weaving factories are generally called dyeing factories, such as denim, and most of the shirt fabrics are dyed fabrics; Fifth, textile fabric classification method: 1, according to different processing methods (1) Woven fabric: The fabrics are formed by arranging the yarns of two systems, ie, horizontal and vertical, perpendicular to each other, on a loom according to a certain rule. There are denim, brocade, board division, hemp yarn and so on. (2) Knitted fabric: A fabric formed by knitting a yarn into a loop, which is divided into weft knitting and warp knitting. a. The weft knitted fabric is fed with the weft thread from the weft to the working needle of the knitting machine, so that the yarns are sequentially bent into loops and put on each other. b. Warp-knitted fabrics are made up of one or more groups of parallel arranged yarns, which are fed into all the working needles of the warp knitting machine. (3) Non-woven fabric: Loose fibers are bonded or sewn. At present, the two methods of bonding and puncture are mainly used. Using this processing method can greatly simplify the process, reduce costs, increase labor productivity, and have a broad future. 2, according to the composition of yarn raw materials (1) Pure textiles: The raw materials that make up the fabrics all use the same kind of fibers, including cotton fabrics, wool fabrics, silk fabrics, and polyester fabrics. (2) Blended fabrics: The raw materials that make up the fabrics are made of two or more different types of fibers, which are made from blended yarns, including polyester-viscose, polyester-nitrile, and polyester-cotton blend fabrics. (3) Blended fabrics: The raw materials that make up the fabrics are made of single yarns of two kinds of fibers, and they are made by combining strands, which are made of low-elasticity polyester filaments, mixed with medium-long staples, and polyester staple fibers. Polyester filaments are blended into strands. (4) Interwoven fabrics: The raw materials for the two directions of the fabrics are made of different fiber yarns, silk satin rayon-woven satin satin, nylon and rayon interwoven Neififong etc. 3, according to constitute whether the fabric dyeing classification (1) White blank fabric: The raw fabric that has not been dyed and dyed is processed into a fabric, which is also called a raw fabric. (2), color fabric: After the bleached and dyed raw materials or fancy lines processed into fabric, silk fabric is also known as cooked goods fabrics. 4, new fabric classification (1), adhesive cloth: It consists of two back-to-back fabrics bonded together. Bonded fabrics Organic fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, vinyl plastic films, etc., can also be combined differently. (2) Flocking processing cloth: The cloth is covered with short and dense fiber fluff, with a velvet style, which can be used for clothing and decoration materials. (3) Foam-laminated fabrics: Foam plastics are adhered to woven or knitted fabrics used as backing fabrics and are mostly used as cold-proof clothing. (4) Coated fabric: It is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), neoprene rubber, etc. on the base fabric of woven fabric or knitted fabric, and has excellent waterproof function. 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